Women's Health Archives - Focused Ultrasound Foundation

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

mmayes — Fri, 15 Aug 2025 19:41:09 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a rapidly evolving, therapeutic technology that could transform the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works

Where the beams converge, low intensity focused ultrasound treatment of the ovaries can increase the activation of the ovarian follicles in preclinical studies. This has been seen in a couple of preclinical models, but there is still much to be done before this technology will be widely available.

The primary options for treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency are very limited, so this option would be an added help to those facing this condition.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a welcome addition to conventional therapy.

Advantages

Focused ultrasound is non-invasive, so it does not carry added concerns like surgical wound healing or infection.

Focused ultrasound can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue.

It can be repeated, if necessary.

Clinical Trials

At the present time, there are no clinical trials recruiting patients for focused ultrasound treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. 

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for premature ovarian insufficiency is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Xiao Y, Yang L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lu W, Pei Z, Zhang R, Ye Y, Ji X, Liu S, Dong X, Xu Y, Feng Y. Pulsed Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) Activation of Ovarian Follicles. IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol. 2024 Apr 26;5:316-329. doi: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3391939. eCollection 2024. PMID: 38766542 

Ling L, Hou J, Wang Y, Shu H, Huang Y. Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Migration and Homing of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ovaries in Rats With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Cell Transplant. 2022 Jan-Dec;31:9636897221129171. doi: 10.1177/09636897221129171. PMID: 36282038 

Tang H, Liu Y, Fan Y, Li C. Therapeutic Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021 Aug;47(8):2377-2387. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.04.022. Epub 2021 Jun 2.PMID: 34088530 

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Postpartum Symptoms

mmayes — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 20:28:33 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a rapidly evolving, therapeutic technology that could transform the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with postpartum symptoms. The major areas included in this currently are challenges with uterine involution and breast pain after delivery. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging the surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works

Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces several therapeutic effects that are being evaluated. One is the low intensity treatment of the uterus which has been shown to help improve the involution of the uterus compared to controls. In addition, the low intensity treatment has been used for patients with breast discomfort, resulting in significant decrease in the pain after treatment.

The primary options for treatment of postpartum symptoms include the acknowledgement of the symptoms and the decision to use medication, if appropriate.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a more effective and non-invasive alternative to conventional therapy.

Advantages

Focused ultrasound is non-invasive, so it does not carry added concerns like surgical wound healing or infection.

Focused ultrasound can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue.

It can be repeated, if necessary.

Clinical Trials

At the present time, there are no clinical trials recruiting patients for focused ultrasound treatment of postpartum symptoms.

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for postpartum symptoms is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Li J, Yang S, Zhu L, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Deng L. The Added Value of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment on Breast Recovery Following Aspiration of Breast Abscesses in Lactating Women. Breastfeed Med. 2025 Dec;20(12):904-910. doi: 10.1177/15568253251382576. Epub 2025 Sep 26. PMID: 41003489

Wei D, Wang Z, Yue J, Chen Y, Meng J, Niu X. Effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound therapy on postpartum uterine involution in puerperal women: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2024 Apr 30;19(4):e0301825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301825. eCollection 2024. PMID: 38687759 

Wei D, Yue J, Meng J, Gao J, Yang L, Niu X, Wang Z. Preliminary study of the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound on postpartum uterine involution and breast pain in puerperal women: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 5;14(1):658. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51328-9. PMID: 38182657 

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Menopause Symptoms

mmayes — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 20:25:23 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a rapidly evolving, therapeutic technology that could transform the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with symptoms of menopause. The genitourinary symptoms of menopause is a relatively new term, and includes not only genital symptoms (dryness, burning and irritation) but may also include sexual symptoms (lack of lubrication, impaired function, discomfort or pain) and urinary symptoms (urgency, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections). This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works

Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces several therapeutic effects that are being evaluated. The use of focused ultrasound can alter the vaginal mucosa and improve the genital symptoms. It may also help with the lack of lubrication and functional impairment. Early work is being done on the urinary symptoms as well. While significant work has been accomplished, there is still much to be done before this technology will be widely available.

The primary options for treatment of menopause include medication and at times invasive surgery.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a more effective and non-invasive alternative to surgery with less risk of complications and lower cost.

Advantages

Focused ultrasound is non-invasive, so it does not carry added concerns like surgical wound healing or infection.

Focused ultrasound can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue.

It can be repeated, if necessary.

Clinical Trials

At the present time, there are no clinical trials recruiting patients for focused ultrasound treatment of menopause symptoms.

Find a Treatment Site

Search for a treatment center or clinical trial near you.

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for menopause symptoms is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Kolczewski P, Kozłowski M, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. Micro-Focused Ultrasound Therapy in Patients with Urogenital Atrophy and Vaginal Laxity. J Clin Med. 2022 Nov 26;11(23):6980. doi: 10.3390/jcm11236980. PMID: 36498554 

Li R, Jiang J. The efficacy and safety of secondary focused ultrasound therapy for recurrence of non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):1310-1314. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2131000. PMID: 36202394 

Yin Y, Pan F, He M, Zhang C, Liu Y. High intensity focused ultrasound combined with ultrasound-guided suction curettage treatment for cesarean scar pregnancy: a comparison of different HIFU sonication strategies. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):390-396. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2044078. PMID: 35196957 

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Hydrosalpinx

mmayes — Wed, 03 Jan 2024 20:55:16 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a therapeutic technology that could transform the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with hydrosalpinx. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces a couple of therapeutic effects that are being evaluated. One is to heat the tissue for an ablation effect, and the other is to do a mechanical destruction of the tissue. The goal is to accomplish this without damage and also to prevent the the reverse flow of material in the fallopian tube.

The primary options for treatment of hydrosalpinx are surgery that may include tube removal, which may cause future pregnancy attempts to be via in vitro fertilization.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a noninvasive alternative to surgery with less risk of complications – such as surgical wound healing or infection – at a lower cost. Focused ultrasound can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue, and enhance chemotherapy dose for the target, with less impact to the rest of the patient. It can also be repeated, if necessary.

While significant work has been accomplished, there is still much to be done before this technology could be widely available.

Clinical Trials

At the present time, there are no clinical trials recruiting patients for focused ultrasound treatment of hydrosalpinx.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for hydrosalpinx is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Harb H, Al-Rshoud F, Karunakaran B, Gallos ID, Coomarasamy A. Hydrosalpinx and pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2019 Mar;38(3):427-441. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.020. Epub 2018 Dec 25. PMID: 30665848

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

mmayes — Wed, 29 Mar 2023 18:12:57 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a therapeutic technology that could improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces therapeutic thermal ablation, which destroys the target tissue.

The primary options for treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease include invasive surgery with probable loss of the potential for future pregnancies.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a non-invasive alternative to surgery with less risk of complications and lower cost.

Advantages

Focused ultrasound is noninvasive, so it does not carry added concerns like surgical wound healing or infection.
Focused ultrasound can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue.
It can be repeated, if necessary.

Clinical Trials

At the present time, there are no clinical trials recruiting patients for focused ultrasound treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for gestational trophoblastic disease is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Qu D, Chen Y, Jiang J, Shi Q, Zhou H, Wang Z. Long-term outcome of ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in the cesarean scar: a case report. BMC Womens Health. 2022 Dec 15;22(1):522. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-02114-0. PMID: 36522625

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Breast Tumors

mmayes — Mon, 14 Feb 2022 17:51:00 +0000

Find a Treatment Site or Clinical Trial

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Breast Cancer
Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with breast cancer. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces several therapeutic effects that are being evaluated. One mechanism is precise ablation (thermal destruction of tissue). The goal could be complete ablation of the cancer, or it can be done partially. Partial ablation may help awaken the immune system for a more generalized response. A second mechanism is to promote the targeted release of therapeutic treatments in the region of the tumor.

Benign Breast Disease
Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with benign breast tumors. Most of the work done has been on breast fibroadenoma. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces precise ablation (thermal destruction of tissue) enabling breast fibroadenoma to be treated without surgery.

Benefits

Current treatment options for breast cancer include combinations of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy. Less invasive surgical options such as radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, and laser ablation are gaining traction as alternatives to open surgeries as they afford the patient improved cosmetic results and decreased morbidity. Focused ultrasound — used alone or in combination with other therapies — is now treating breast cancer given the benefits that are afforded to the patient.

Advantages:

Noninvasive – no incisions, no risk of infection or bleeding, less pain, and rapid recovery
Image-guided – precision targeting and minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue
No ionizing radiation – fewer side effects and can be safely repeated
Targeted delivery of drugs and other therapeutic agents – increasing effectiveness and decreasing toxicity
Initiation of an anti-tumor immune response – destruction of tumor cells leads to exposure of tumor antigens, which can then be recognized and targeted by the body’s immune system
Directly enhances the effectiveness of immuno-oncology drugs

Regulatory Authorizations

The Model JC system manufactured by Chongqing Haifu has been approved in Europe, Russia, and China treatment of breast cancer.

Focused ultrasound treatment for patients with breast disease is not universally reimbursed by medical insurers.

Clinical Trials

Breast Cancer
A clinical trial in Canada is combining the use of radiation therapy with focused ultrasound for patients with advanced breast cancer.

A clinical trial in New York is treating benign and stage 1 malignant breast tumors.

A clinical trial is evaluating the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with gemcitabine in patients with stage I-III breast cancer at the University of Virginia. This is a treatment followed by surgical resection.

A clinical trial in Utah is recruiting patients with breast cancer for focused ultrasound treatment. This is a treatment followed by surgical resection.

A clinical trial in China is using high intensity focused ultrasound with multiple other therapeutic agents in an effort to treat patients with triple negative breast cancer.

A clinical trial in China is using high intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of breast cancer patients.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

Benign Breast Disease
A clinical trial in New York is using focused ultrasound to treat breast fibroadenoma.

A multi-site clinical trial is being conducted using focused ultrasound to treat breast fibroadenoma. 

See a list of treatment sites >
See a list of laboratory research sites >

Preclinical Laboratory Studies

Preclinical studies are underway to investigate the use of non-ablation mechanisms of focused ultrasound in the treatment of breast disease. Examples of these studies include:

*Improving of bioeffects during FUS-microbubble treatments (University of Virginia)
*Targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells to increase the efficacy of thermally ablative FUS in breast cancer (University of Virginia)
*Focused ultrasound stimulation of the immune response in a breast cancer model (Inserm LabTAU,France)
*Preclinical HIFU treatment of breast adenocarcinoma using a non-invasive toroidal transducer (Inserm LabTAU, France)
*Biomechanical modulation of inflammation with FUS for breast cancer therapy (Vanderbilt University)
*Turning Up the Heat: Using Focused Ultrasound to Shift the Immunosuppressive Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment from “Cold” to “Hot”, Augmenting Systemic Anti-Tumor Immune Activation (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)

*The Focused Ultrasound Foundation is partially or fully funding these studies.

Additional Resources

American Cancer Society
National Cancer Institute
Blog: Beating Breast Cancer – My Hope for Focused Ultrasound

Help us revolutionize treatment for breast cancer by funding studies that will develop strategies for both early-and later-stage disease.
See the case statement >

Manufacturers

Changjiangyuan Technology Development Co., Ltd. | Beijing, China | www.shubodao.com
Chongqing Haifu Medical Technology Co., Ltd. | Chongqing, China | www.haifumedical.com
Image Guided Therapy, SA. | Pessac. France | www.imageguidedtherapy.com
INSIGHTEC, Ltd. | Haifa, Israel | www.insightec.com/us
Profound Medical | Ontario, Canada | www.profoundmedical.com
Shanghai A&S Science Technology Development Co., Ltd. | Shanghai, China
Theraclion | Malakoff, France | www.theraclion.com

Media & Videos

For Breast Cancer, Can Focused Ultrasound Overcome Immunotherapy’s Limitations?
UVA Health – November 21, 2023

Focused ultrasound ablation for treatment of breast tumors
Healthcare-in-europe – January 18, 2023

Battling Breast Cancer with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Excited By The Science by Edanz – July 3, 2023

New procedure to ‘kill’ breast lumps without surgery could be available in a few years
Today – October 26, 2023

Advancing Immunotherapy’s Reach With Focused Ultrasound
UVAHealth – October 17, 2023

Notable Papers

Huang X, Luo X, Su T, Su K, Peng S, Li H. Manganese-based metal-organic frameworks augment postoperative immunotherapy of high-intensity focused ultrasound. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2026 Apr 15;708:139847. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2026.139847. Epub 2026 Jan 6. PMID: 41518922

Wang H, Ning W, Wang H, Li H and Zhang G (2026) Acupoint glucocorticoid injection combined with focused ultrasound for granulomatous lobular mastitis: a retrospective study. Front. Surg. 13:1715357. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2026.1715357

Li X, Li H, Mu C, Li H, Du Q, Liu W. Therapeutic effect of Xihuang capsules in combination with low-power high-intensity focused ultrasound on granulomatous mastitis and its impact on macrophage (CD68) and proliferative (Ki67) markers. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2025 Nov-Dec;38(6):2453-2461. doi: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.6.REG.15239.1. PMID: 41334659.

Zou X, Li S, Jin Z, Huang S, Niu R, Fu N, Li W, Gao J, Wang Z. An Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Codelivering Permeability-Promoting Nintedanib-loaded Phase-transition Nanoparticles and Doxorubicin to Potentiate Immunogenic Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer for Chemoimmunotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026 Feb 21. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c26337. PMID: 41721732

Adams-Tew SI, Johnson A, Crockett J, Adams KE, Parker DL, Winkler N, Payne A. Impact of breast biopsy markers on magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2632351. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2632351. Epub 2026 Feb 23. PMID: 41725365

Liu Y, Hu S, Munot S, Konofagou EE. 3-D Handheld Harmonic Motion Imaging System for Breast Tumor Assessment: A Clinical Feasibility Study. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2026 Jan 27:S0301-5629(26)00001-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.01.001. PMID: 41605726

Wu X, Pan F, Xiao Y, Chen M, Yin H, Mu D, Yang L, Yang H, Chen W, Zhang C. Factors influencing the volume reduction rate of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound for breast fibroadenoma. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2610775. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2610775. Epub 2026 Jan 8. PMID: 41506619

Feng J, Tong Y, Zhang Z, He Y. Case Report: Pathological complete response yet early brain relapse in HER2-positive breast cancer: a case-based review. Front Immunol. 2026 Jan 5;16:1668995. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1668995. eCollection 2025. PMID: 41562063

Zhou Y, Huang X, Su T, Su K, Peng S, Li H. Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU. Mater Today Bio. 2025 Dec 15;36:102695. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695. eCollection 2026 Feb. PMID: 41509979

Hu S, Liu Y, Wang R, Li X, Konofagou EE. A Multimodal Ultrasound-Driven Approach for Automated Tumor Assessment With B-Mode and Multi-Frequency Harmonic Motion Images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2026 Feb;73(2):498-509. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2025.3586250. PMID: 40614147

Yang T, Lou Y, Ying Z. Nanoparticle-ultrasound synergy: an emerging theranostic paradigm for breast and gynecologic cancers. Front Oncol. 2025 Dec 4;15:1617939. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1617939. eCollection 2025. PMID: 41426324

Su X, Wang Y, Qin X, Xiao Y, Ouyang B, Hu L, Kang L, Xu R, Xu C, Sun Z, Sun C, Guo H, Pang Z, Shen S. HIFU-Driven Targeted Pyroptosis Therapy in Basal-Like Breast Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov;12(44):e03830. doi: 10.1002/advs.202503830. Epub 2025 Sep 14. PMID: 40946176

Lee SN, Choi JH, Moon H, Kim D, Hong J, Lee HJ, Lim YT. Focused ultrasound-triggered doxorubicin liposomes reshape tumor microenvironment to boost checkpoint depletion in triple-negative breast cancer model. J Control Release. 2025 Dec 10;388(Pt 2):114389. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.114389. Epub 2025 Nov 4. PMID: 41197832

Zhou D, Mu D, Lin Z, Ren Y, Zhou Y, Liu H, Zhu L, Luo J, Li M, Li C, Li F. Ultrasound radiomics-based nomogram to predict the non-perfused volume ratio of breast fibroadenomas treated with ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound: a multicenter study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2568624. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2568624. Epub 2025 Oct 9. PMID: 41069014

Sengupta S, Bhattacharjee A, Basu B, Kar S, Moulik S. Ultrasound-Mediated Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer Therapy: Innovations and Outlook. J Ultrasound Med. 2025 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jum.70117. PMID: 41247034

Bates JG, Dillon CR, Jones MR, Tencer JT. Multifidelity Uncertainty Quantification for Focused Ultrasound Breast Cancer Therapies Using Reduced Order Models. ASME J Heat Mass Transf. 2025 Dec 1;147(12):121201. doi: 10.1115/1.4069124. Epub 2025 Aug 19. PMID: 41256765

Alikarami S, Harandi H, Jahanshahi A, Zakavi SS, Frounchi N, Ghavam M, Momtazmanesh S. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Ultrasound. 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1002/jcu.70143. PMID: 41287177

Wang H, Wang H, Ning W, Zhang G, Guo Q, Li K. Retrospective cohort study on the effects of corticosteroid combined with focused ultrasound therapy on lesion size and inflammatory markers in patients with granulomatous mastitis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2025;38(6):2229-2237. doi: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.6.REG.13937.1. PMID: 41139272

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Video courtesy of Insightec

Vulvar Dystrophy

mmayes — Wed, 08 Dec 2021 14:21:00 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with treatment for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva, which is also referred to as vulvar dystrophy. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasonic energy precisely and accurately on targets in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

There are many types of “non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva”, which is shortened to vulvar dystrophy. Two specific ones that have received significant focused ultrasound research are Lichen Sclerosus and Hypertrophy of the Vulva.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces precise ablation (thermal destruction of tissue) enabling vulvar dystrophy to be treated without surgery. Further research will likely be needed prior to widespread availability of this technique.

Advantages
The primary options for treatment of vulvar dystrophy include medication and in some conditions surgery.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a noninvasive alternative to surgery with less risk of complications and lower cost. It protects and maintains the physiological functions and structure of the cervix. Focused ultrasound treatment is also an easy, out-patient procedure with no scars and a low recurrence rate.

Clinical Trials

There is a clinical trial in Shandong, China for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva.

See a full list of vulvar dystrophy clinical trials >

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for vulvar dystrophy is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Zhang J, Li X, Chen M, Jiang B, Wu S, Hu W, Tao J, Xiao F, Xiao S. Analysis of the clinical efficacy of HIFU in the treatment of low-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2594037. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2594037. Epub 2025 Dec 11. PMID: 41381379

Imseeh G, Giles SL, Taylor A, Brown MRD, Rivens I, Gordon-Williams R, Ter Haar G, deSouza NM. Feasibility of palliating recurrent gynecological tumors with MRGHIFU: comparison of symptom, quality-of-life, and imaging response in intra and extra-pelvic disease. Int J Hyperthermia. 2021;38(1):623-632. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1904154.

Zhang L, Lai Y, Wan T, Zhou B, Qiang X, Ge S, Zhang K, Mao Z. A randomized clinical study of the treatment of white lesions of the vulva with a fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser. Ann Palliat Med. 2020 Jul;9(4):2229-2236. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-1085.

Liu Y, Fan Y, Tang H, Li C. Therapeutic Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Expression of Notch1, C-Fos and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 in Vulvar Skin of SD Rats with Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2020 Jun 7:S0301-5629(20)30196-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.025.

Ruan L, Xie Z, Wang H, Jiang J, Shi H, Xu J. High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010 May;109(2):167-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.12.014. Epub 2010 Feb 13.

Sun X, Xue M, Deng X, Wan Y. Clinical factors analysis of curative effect of focused ultrasound treatment for non neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2010 Sep;35(9):933-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2010.09.006.

Li C, Bian D, Chen W, Zhao C, Yin N, Wang Z. Focused ultrasound therapy of vulvar dystrophies: a feasibility study. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Nov;104(5 Pt 1):915-21.

Li CZ, Wang ZB, Chen WZ, Bian DH, Cao YD, Zhao JW, Wen S, Tian YB, Li XJ. [Evaluation of white lesions of vulva treated with focused ultrasound]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2004 Jun;39(6):373-7. Chinese.

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Uterine Adenomyosis

mmayes — Wed, 08 Dec 2021 14:20:00 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with adenomyosis. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, focused ultrasound produces precise ablation (thermal destruction of tissue) enabling adenomyosis to be treated without surgery.

Advantages
The primary options for treatment of adenomyosis include medication and surgery.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a noninvasive alternative to surgery with less risk of complications – such as surgical wound healing or infection – at a lower cost and with a shorter recovery time. It can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue and is repeatable, if necessary. The treatment has the potential to preserve fertility, because the uterus is not removed. Case studies have reported that women have conceived and had healthy babies after focused ultrasound.

Clinical Trials

A clinical trial is underway in Finland that is assessing focused ultrasound to treat adenomyosis as well as the impact for fertility after the procedure.

A clinical trial is underway in China that is treating adenomyosis in patients with refractory infertility with the goal of enhancing fertility.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

See a list of treatment sites >
See a list of clinical trials sites >
See a list of laboratory research sites >

Find a Treatment Site

Search for a treatment center or clinical trial near you.

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Several companies have approval to treat adenomyosis in Europe, Russia, China, Korea, the Middle East, and Taiwan.
To the best of our knowledge, focused ultrasound treatment of adenomyosis is not universally reimbursed by medical insurers in the US.

Notable Papers

Shen X, Chen W, Shi Q, Zi D, Ren X, Tian X. Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation on lesion stiffness and symptoms of adenomyosis. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2642927. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2642927. Epub 2026 Mar 31. PMID: 41914352

Bertucci E, Ceffa S, Danieli A, Diamanti M, Sileo FG, Tramontano AL, Alboni C, LA Marca A. Ultrasound signs of adenomyosis in pregnancy and counselling related to infertility and obstetric outcomes. Minerva Obstet Gynecol. 2026 Mar 20. doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.25.05857-9. PMID: 41858207

Sun F, Qi Y, Zhuang L, Huang Y. Thermal Ablation and Thermal Ablation Combined With Medical Therapy for Adenomyosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2026 Mar 12:S0301-5629(26)00063-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.02.010. PMID: 41826089

Kobayashi H. Treatment selection for adenomyosis based on imaging findings and patient characteristics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Mar 27. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70992. PMID: 41891437

Li L, Zhang G, Sun M, Lang J, Yu X. Application of high-intensity focused ultrasound in gynaecological diseases. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2635294. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2635294. Epub 2026 Mar 23. PMID: 41867046

Zhao X, Zhang W, Mi M, Wang H, Wang Y, Feng L, Wang H. Comparative study of female sexual function in adenomyosis patients who received the treatment of intensity-focused ultrasound ablation or laparoscopic total hysterectomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2026 Jan 19. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70824. PMID: 41549913

Liang J, Gao L, Sun G, Cui Y, Cheng W. Pregnancy Outcomes of Adenomyosis after Treatment with High-intensity Focused Ultrasound: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Reprod Sci. 2026 Jan 5. doi: 10.1007/s43032-025-02031-1. PMID: 41491769

Zeng L, Wu J, Li X, Yang X. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating blood flow perfusion changes in adenomyosis patients treated with HIFU combined with leuprorelin. Curr Probl Surg. 2025 Dec;73:101898. doi: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2025.101898. Epub 2025 Sep 21. PMID: 41354513

Yang Z, Lin J, Tan T, Li Y, Chen Y, Yang M, Xiao Z, Chen J. Characteristics of adenomyosis in secondary infertility patients on MRI and factors associated with fertility recovery after HIFU. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2550633. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2550633. Epub 2025 Aug 26. PMID: 41414952

Huang Y, Yao L, Zhuo B. Individualized strategies and future perspectives of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with pharmacological treatment for adenomyosis-associated infertility: A narrative review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025 Dec;315:114737. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.114737. Epub 2025 Sep 23. PMID: 41046847

Wen Q, Ma Y, Chen J, Ou Y, Yao C. In vitro fertilization-assisted pregnancy combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment in patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis with successful pregnancy: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2025 Nov 5;19(1):566. doi: 10.1186/s13256-025-05640-1. PMID: 41194201

Liu ZY, Liu ZY, Wan XY, Wang Y, Huang XH. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based interpretable radiomics machine learning model for outcome prediction in adenomyosis treated by high-intensity focussed ultrasound. Clin Radiol. 2025 Nov;90:107058. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2025.107058. Epub 2025 Aug 23. PMID: 40976116

Zhu X, Shi Q, Xue M. Pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors following high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for adenomyosis: a single-center retrospective study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2567477. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2567477. Epub 2025 Oct 5. PMID: 41047144

Ioannidou A, Louis K, Sioutis D, Panagopoulos P, Theofanakis C, Machairiotis N. Conservative Surgical Management of Adenomyosis: Implications for Infertility and Pregnancy Outcomes-A Perspective Review. J Clin Med. 2025 Oct 1;14(19):6956. doi: 10.3390/jcm14196956. PMID: 41096036

Lin JF, Yang ZY, Tan T, Wang L, Xiao ZB, Chen JY. Effect of pelvic adhesions on reproductive outcomes following high-intensity focused ultrasound in patients with adenomyosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2025 Oct;171(1):438-445. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70194. Epub 2025 May 7. PMID: 40332033

Kang Y, Sang C, Zhao L, Ding K, Zhao S. High-intensity focused ultrasound combined with hysteroscopic insertion of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for intrinsic adenomyosis: a retrospective observational study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2531028. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2531028. Epub 2025 Jul 10. PMID: 40641223

Dai Y, Luo HJ, Peng Y, Yang W, Shi Q, Jin P. Treatment strategies for adenomyosis before and after introducing USgHIFU in Shenzhen. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2501244. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2501244. Epub 2025 Jun 16. PMID: 40518987

Lin J, Yang Z, Tan T, Wang L, Xiao Z, Chen J. Effect of Ovarian Endometriotic Cyst on the Efficacy of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Adenomyosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2025 Sep;44(9):1609-1622. doi: 10.1002/jum.16714. Epub 2025 Apr 29. PMID: 40298334

Su Z, Liu S, Wang J, Jin F, Peng Y, Wen J. Retrospective cohort study on the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound in non-invasive treatment of uterine leiomyomas and adenomyosis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 Mar 27. doi: 10.1007/s00261-025-04908-w. PMID: 40146310

Jin Z, Wang L, Wang D, Zheng Q, Qing X, Zhang Y. Innovative application of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with endometrial thermal balloon ablation in the treatment of adenomyosis: A cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025 Apr;307:134-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.01.049. Epub 2025 Jan 30. PMID: 39914106

Liu Z, Liu Z, Wan X, Wang Y, Huang X. Predicting high-intensity focused ultrasound efficacy in adenomyosis treatment based on magnetic resonance (MR) radiomics and clinical-imaging features. Clin Radiol. 2025 Feb;81:106778. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.106778. Epub 2024 Dec 15. PMID: 39798274

Lin J, Yang Z, Wang L, Xiao Z, Tan T, Chen J. Efficacy of focused ultrasound ablation surgery in patients with adenomyosis and coexisting pelvic adhesions. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2461456. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2461456. Epub 2025 Feb 13. PMID: 39947638

Zhang B, Shi J, Gu Z, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang C, Yan H, Li Q, Lyu S, Dai Y, Leng J. The role of different LNG-IUS therapies in the management of adenomyosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2025 Feb 13;23(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12958-025-01349-4. PMID: 39948612

Liu Z, Liu Z, Wan X, Wang Y, Huang X. Prediction of clinical outcome for high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of adenomyosis based on non-enhanced MRI radiomics. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2468766. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2468766. Epub 2025 Feb 23. PMID: 39988330

Song Y, Wang L. Combining Medication With High-Intensity-Focused Ultrasound for Adenomyosis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Ultrasound Med. 2024 Dec 9. doi: 10.1002/jum.16623. PMID: 39648811

Huang Y, Zhou S, Su Y, Cai S. Diffusion-weighted imaging as a non-gadolinium alternative for immediate assessing nonperfused area of adenomyosis after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation: a potential technique but with slightly overestimate. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024 Dec 5;14(12):9522-9532. doi: 10.21037/qims-24-453. Epub 2024 Aug 12. PMID: 39698591

Moawad G, Youssef Y, Fruscalzo A, Khedhri S, Faysal H, Pirtea P, Guani B, Vallée A, Ayoubi JM, Feki A. Effects of pretreatment strategies on fertility outcomes in patients with adenomyosis. Front Reprod Health. 2024 Dec 9;6:1484202. doi: 10.3389/frph.2024.1484202. eCollection 2024. PMID: 39717429

Peng Y, Zhang M, Yan J, Wang R, Xin Y, Zheng X, Zhu L, Fei W, Zhao M. Emerging bioengineering breakthroughs in precision diagnosis and therapy for endometriosis and adenomyosis. J Mater Chem B. 2024 Dec 24. doi: 10.1039/d4tb01755b. PMID: 39717994

Knorren ER, Nijholt IM, Schutte JM, Boomsma MF. Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery for Gynecologic Indications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2024 Nov;32(4):615-628. doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.02.005. Epub 2024 Mar 27. PMID: 39322351

Zhang G, Li L, Sun M, Yu X. Progress in High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Fertility Preservation Therapy of Uterine Fibroids and Adenomyosis. Reprod Sci. 2024 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/s43032-024-01745-y. PMID: 39532767

Zhang Q, Liang X, Chen Z. An Updated Review of Thermal Ablation Technology for Uterine Fibroids and Adenomyosis: Focusing on Protecting Fertility. Int J Womens Health. 2024 Sep 23;16:1551-1563. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S473005. eCollection 2024. PMID: 39346931

Zeccola AM, Allen SE. Alternative treatments of adenomyosis – an update in procedural management and clinical outcomes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Aug 1;36(4):287-295. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000972. Epub 2024 May 23. PMID: 38837727

Fan LX, Zhang Y, Yang LL, Ji XL, Wang Y, Huang YF, Shi L, Wen Y. Analysis of related factors influencing postoperative recurrence of adenomyosis treated with HIFU. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024 Feb 12. doi: 10.1007/s00404-023-07340-x. PMID: 38347252

Chen Y, Lin S, Xie X, Yi J, Liu X, Guo SW. Systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive outcomes after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of adenomyosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2024 Feb;92:102433. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102433. Epub 2023 Nov 25. PMID: 38065008

Tang Y, Jiang ZJ, Wen MB, Su B, Huang JR, Wang H, Wu J, Yang MT, Ding N, Hu HQ, Xu F, Li J, Shi Q. Magnetic resonance imaging-based Classifications for Symptom of Adenomyosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2024 Jan 17. doi: 10.1159/000535802. PMID: 38232715

Si M, Lv F, Tang M, Liu Y, Qiu X, Gong C, Hu Y, Liu Y. Non-contrast enhanced MRI for efficiency evaluation of high-intensity focused ultrasound in adenomyosis ablation. Int J Hyperthermia. 2024;41(1):2295813. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2295813. Epub 2024 Jan 17. PMID: 38234000

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Video courtesy of Insightec.

Urinary Incontinence, Stress

mmayes — Wed, 08 Dec 2021 14:20:00 +0000

Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with stress urinary incontinence. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasound energy precisely and accurately on targets in the body without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge in the vagina, focused ultrasound produces physiologic and structural changes that will decrease the incidence of stress urinary incontinence.

Advantages
The primary options for treatment of stress urinary incontinence include medication, absorbent clothing, or platelet-rich fibrin injections.

For certain patients, focused ultrasound could provide a noninvasive – and perhaps more effective – alternative to conventional therapy. Focused ultrasound carries less risk of complications – such as surgical wound healing or infection – at a lower cost. It can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue and is repeatable, if necessary. While significant work has been accomplished, there is still much to be done before this technology will be widely available.

Clinical Trials

A clinical trial in Krakow, Poland, is conducting a randomized comparison of repeated intravaginal focused ultrasound treatment compared to repeated, sub-urethral injections of autologous centrifuged platelet-rich plasma.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

Find a Treatment Site

Search for a treatment center or clinical trial near you.

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound treatment for stress urinary incontinence is not yet approved by regulatory bodies or covered by medical insurance companies.

Notable Papers

Önder Dirican A, Ceran MU, Kahraman O, Sönmez MG. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of female urinary incontinence: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Oct 4;103(40):e39940. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000039940. PMID: 39465710

Robin D, Peyronnet B, Bentellis I, El-Akri M, Cornu JN, Brierre T, Cousin T, Gaillard V, Poussot B, Dupuis H, Tricard T, Hermieu N, Pitout A, Beraud F, Chevallier D, Bruyere F, Biardeau X, Monsaint H, Corbel L, Hermieu JF, Lecoanet P, Capon G, Saussine C, Gamé X, Léon P. Artificial urinary sphincter in patients with urinary incontinence after High Intensity Focused ultrasound. Prog Urol. 2022 Mar;32(4):284-290. doi: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.11.004. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Liu D, Adams M, Burdette EC, Diederich CJ. Dual-sectored transurethral ultrasound for thermal treatment of stress urinary incontinence: in silico studies in 3D anatomical models. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2020 Jun;58(6):1325-1340. doi: 10.1007/s11517-020-02152-6. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Click here for additional references from PubMed.

Uterine Fibroids

mmayes — Wed, 08 Dec 2021 18:20:00 +0000

Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive way to treat uterine fibroids. Using this treatment method in conjunction with image guidance, the physician directs a focused beam of energy through the patient’s skin, superficial fat layer, and abdominal muscles to heat and destroy the fibroid tissue without damaging nearby tissue or the tissues that the beam passes through on its way to the target.

How it Works
Focused ultrasound energy heats and destroys the targeted tissue at the focal point. This process is repeated until the entire selected volume is destroyed.

Advantages

It is a noninvasive treatment with a short recovery time and a quick return to work and activities of normal life (usually the next day).
It offers rapid and durable resolution of fibroid symptoms (sometimes within days of treatment).
It has a low rate of complications.
It preserves fertility with published studies reporting that women are able to conceive and have normal pregnancies after treatment.

Get Treated

There is a multi-center clinical trial for uterine fibroids intended to capture long term outcomes.

There is a clinical trial in China that is treating adenomyosis in patients with refractory infertility with the goal of enhancing fertility.

There is a clinical trial in the Netherlands, which is a 2:1 randomized trial comparing MRI-guided focused ultrasound to other treatments (hysterectomy, myomectomy, or uterine artery ablation). See the website for this trial, called MYCHOICE, for more information.

There is a clinical trial in Germany, that is a randomized trial comparing MRI-guided focused ultrasound to myomectomy.

There is a clinical trial in Turku, Finland, that is using focused ultrasound to treat uterine fibroids.

The Foundation updates these pages regularly, but with the increasing number of clinical trials, we want to be sure that our audience has the latest information available. Therefore, we also added the website search information for the above trials. If you click here, it will take you to the latest information available from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.

See a list of treatment sites >
See a list of clinical trials sites >
See a list of laboratory research sites >

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

In 2004, MRI-guided focused ultrasound was approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Currently, no major U.S. insurance company provides consistent coverage and reimbursement for focused ultrasound treatment of fibroids. However, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, AETNA, and United have all approved cases on an individual basis.

Internationally, focused ultrasound is approved in Canada, China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, the Middle East, Oceania, Russia, South America, and Taiwan.

In the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia, individual patients have gained local level approval. In China, healthcare insurance partially or fully covers the cost of the treatment.

In Israel, Clalit Medical Insurance is covering MRgFUS for symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Notable Papers

Tang N, Yu J, Ran W, Fang C, Luo C, Hu L, Xu F, Zeng Y. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in uterine fibroids following high intensity focused ultrasound ablation vs. laparoscopic myomectomy: a propensity score-matched observational study. Front Surg. 2026 Mar 2;13:1767535. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2026.1767535. eCollection 2026. PMID: 41858492

Mu Y, Zhu T, Ming X, Yang X, He K, Huang G, Liu X, Shi Q. Metabolic characteristic changes in local tissues after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for uterine fibroids. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2639437. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2639437. Epub 2026 Mar 17. PMID: 41846319

Zhou X, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Yang M, Chen J. Multimodal MRI radiomics for predicting HIFU ablation efficacy in uterine fibroids: a machine learning study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2642916. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2642916. Epub 2026 Mar 11. PMID: 41813595

Retraction: Evaluation of physician experience in achieving non-perfused volume ratio of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids: a multicentre study. J Int Med Res. 2026 Mar;54(3):3000605261429174. doi: 10.1177/03000605261429174. Epub 2026 Mar 5. PMID: 41787597

Hosseini-Siyanaki MR, Hosseini SM, Afshari M, Nejad FK, Mehrabi H, Elahi R, Sohrabi-Ashlaghi A, Ahmadi B, Houshi S, Yazdanpanah F, Beyzavi Z, Iqbal S. The application of Machine learning in predicting the outcomes of minimally invasive treatments for uterine Fibroids: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2026 Apr;197:112726. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.112726. Epub 2026 Feb 12. PMID: 41691731

Bing C, Laaksonen A, Joronen K, Komar G, Sainio T, Blanco Sequeiros R, Partanen A, Köttgen S. Automated subcutaneous fat segmentation with a convolutional neural network in magnetic resonance guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for uterine fibroids. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2634734. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2634734. Epub 2026 Feb 26. PMID: 41755457

Zhang DL, Wu S, Ding G, Chen X, Chen S. Nomogram for predicting HIFU efficacy in uterine fibroids: based on oxytocin-induced arterial-phase perfusion delay and ultrasound features. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2630909. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2026.2630909. Epub 2026 Mar 1. PMID: 41766329

Li C, Liao H, Liu J, Gao J. Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for preoperative prediction of the efficacy of HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids based on multiparametric MRI: a multicenter study. Front Oncol. 2026 Jan 13;15:1699632. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1699632. eCollection 2025. PMID: 41607533

De Smit NS, de Lange ME, Boomsma MF, Huirnet JAF, Hehenkamp WJK. Current Treatment for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids: Available Evidence and Therapeutic Dilemmas. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jan 1;81(1):15-16. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001484. Epub 2026 Jan 19. PMID: 41557923

Cui Y, Feng M, Yao L, Yan J, Li W, Huang Y. Enhancement of radiomics-based machine learning models for predicting efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids using undersampling methods. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2026 Jan 20;46(1):141-149. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.01.15. PMID: 41540700

Yang MT, Tian L, Xia Y, He HN, Lin C, He TW, Tang Y, Hu HQ, Li J. Polidocanol augments high-intensity focused ultrasound efficacy for hyperintense fibroids on T2WI: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2026 Dec;43(1):2612543. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2612543. Epub 2026 Jan 12. PMID: 41521758

Bian X, Sun Q, Ren Q, Chen G. Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient for preoperative prediction of mid-term efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2026 Jan;51(1):283-291. doi: 10.1007/s00261-025-05055-y. Epub 2025 Jun 16. PMID: 40522385

Ponomarchuk E, Tsysar S, Kvashennikova A, Pestova P, Papikyan L, Kadrev A, Danilova N, Malkov P, Chernyaev A, Buravkov S, Khokhlova V. Non-thermal ultrasound-guided fractionation of human leiomyosarcoma with boiling histotripsy: an ex vivo feasibility study. Ultrasonics. 2026 Mar;159:107876. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107876. Epub 2025 Oct 22. PMID: 41135484

Zhang G, Wang W, Sun M, Yu X, Lang J. Volume reduction rate and its influencing factors in solitary uterine fibroids classified as Funaki types I and II after ultrasonography-guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation: a prospective cohort study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2597678. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2597678. Epub 2025 Dec 14. PMID: 41392568

Setzen R, Setzen R, O’Donoghue C, Van Dyk N, Sengane A, Manyatsi N, Sarubdeo S, Adam Y. Changes in symptoms and fibroid characteristics in women treated with ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2025 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.70742. PMID: 41392873

Xia H, Liu W, Mao H, Li C, Zu Y, Yu Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Chen J. Delayed uterine rupture and septic shock after high-intensity focused ultrasound for uterine fibroids: a case report. Front Oncol. 2025 Dec 8;15:1697568. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1697568. eCollection 2025. PMID: 41438977

Zhou Y, Xu H, Jiang W, Zhang J, Chen S, Yang S, Xiang H, Hu W, Qiao X. A Fusion Model of ResNet and Vision Transformer for Efficacy Prediction of HIFU Treatment of Uterine Fibroids. Acad Radiol. 2025 Dec;32(12):7294-7306. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2025.08.054. Epub 2025 Sep 10. PMID: 40935773

Zhang D, Wu S, Ding G, Chen S. Development and validation of sonographic feature-based prediction models for ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation of uterine fibroids. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2563302. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2563302. Epub 2025 Sep 29. PMID: 41020327

Wang M, Zhu Q, Guan H, Zhao J, Gu P, Tang L. The Impact of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation and Laparoscopic Myomectomy on Ovarian Function in Patients with Uterine Fibroids. Int J Womens Health. 2025 Nov 7;17:4239-4245. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S560728. eCollection 2025. PMID: 41230039

Liu D, Zhao M, Fan X, Li M, Yin X, Shen G, Wang H. MRI guided HIFU robotic system application in feasibility study for treating uterine fibroids. Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 19;15(1):40829. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24562-y. PMID: 41257947

Zhang Q, Yan D, Zhang A, Yi S, Xiao S, Zhu S, Jiang B. Clinical comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound versus uterine artery embolization with laparoscopic excision in type III cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy management: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2584544. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2584544. Epub 2025 Nov 6. PMID: 41198145

Wu G, He M, Ran F, Yunyun L, Fei L, Zhenghua X, Zhang X, Wang Z. Carboprost tromethamine injection enhanced the efficacy of focused ultrasound ablation surgery for hyperintense uterine fibroids: a retrospective study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2552814. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2552814. Epub 2025 Oct 1. PMID: 41035205

Cao WT, Peng ZH, Wang RQ, Luo H. Advancing understanding of HIFU in uterine fibroids: A meta-review on postoperative recovery and surgical wound healing. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Oct 3;104(40):e42212. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042212. PMID: 41054082

Li S, He L, Tan T, Yang ZY, Deng YB, Chen JY. Comparison of reproductive outcomes after ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound and myomectomy for patients with uterine fibroids. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2572358. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2572358. Epub 2025 Oct 21. PMID: 41117038

Knorren ER, Schutte JM, Huirne JAF, Boomsma MF. Understanding clinical outcomes of MR-HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids by gaining insight in screening protocols. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2025 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/aogs.70087. PMID: 41159554

Damiani GR, Bardi M, Vitagliano A, Perrone AM, Panico G, Vimercati A, Loizzi V, Gennaro DD, Naro ED, Cicinelli E, Malvasi A, Tinelli A, Baldini GM, Pellegri AM. Myoma expulsion after minimally invasive therapeutic strategies: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025 Sep;313:114576. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.114576. Epub 2025 Jul 29. PMID: 40779820

Wei L, Tao H, Zeng D, Zhong H, Wang L, Shi Q. The association between age and re-intervention rates in uterine fibroid patients after UsgHIFU therapy: A cohort study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2025 Sep;51(9):e70045. doi: 10.1111/jog.70045. PMID: 40904017

Wu M, Li J, Huang L, Wei J, Qin H, Qin W. Assessing the Efficacy of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Uterine Fibroids Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2025 Sep;35(9):1096-1100. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2025.09.1096. PMID: 40948154

Salimi M, Abdolizadeh A, Fayedeh F, Vadipour P. Predictive Value of MRI Radiomics for the Efficacy of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation in Uterine Fibroids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2025 Sep 29:S0301-5629(25)00353-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.09.002. PMID: 41027762

Tao SQ, Shi LY, Chai XS, Yuan XR, Tang SX, Zhang J, Bian DJ, Fu C. Value of multi-modal MRI in predicting the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound for uterine fibroids. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2495360. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2495360. Epub 2025 Apr 23. PMID: 40269574

Li H, Gao Y, Zhang X, Hou W, Ma Y, Shi R, Ren P. Establishment of a Predictive Model for the Efficacy of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids. J Ultrasound Med. 2025 Sep;44(9):1645-1656. doi: 10.1002/jum.16718. Epub 2025 May 27. PMID: 40423241

Yang L, Liu J, Wu S, Han Y, Bai J, Shi Q. Comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids with different blood flow grading based on Alder classification. Int J Hyperthermia. 2025 Dec;42(1):2519346. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2025.2519346. Epub 2025 Jun 22. PMID: 40545838

Wu S, Liu J, Tang Y, Yang L, Han Y. Skin burns after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation: a retrospective control study. Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 1;15(1):28127. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13436-y. PMID: 40750815

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Wang L, Liu Y, Lin J, Deng J, Yang M, Lv F. Effect of “T2-rim sign” related parameters on high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids. Eur J Radiol. 2024 Dec;181:111767. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111767. Epub 2024 Sep 27. PMID: 39357287

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Liu Y, Jin W, Wang K, Chang Z, Zhang L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing for Gastrointestinal Function Recovery in Patients with Uterine Fibroids After High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024 Dec 23;17:6099-6108. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S496714. eCollection 2024. PMID: 39734795

Bao YM, Ma WW, Li S, Jiang L, Yang MJ, Chen JY. The safety and efficacy of myomectomy in the treatment of recurrent uterine fibroids after HIFU. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2024 Dec;167(3):997-1003. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.15757. Epub 2024 Jun 27. PMID: 38935313

Liu H, Zeng J, Jinyun C, Liu X, Deng Y, Li C, Li F. Robust Radiomics Models for Predicting HIFU Prognosis in Uterine Fibroids Using SHAP Explanations: A Multicenter Cohort Study. J Imaging Inform Med. 2024 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s10278-024-01318-0. PMID: 39528886

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Hazimeh D, Coco A, Casubhoy I, Segars J, Singh B. The Annual Economic Burden of Uterine Fibroids in the United States (2010 Versus 2022): A Comparative Cost-Analysis. Reprod Sci. 2024 Oct 25. doi: 10.1007/s43032-024-01727-0. PMID: 39455488

Chen Y, Liu M, Huang D, Liu Z, Yang A, Qin N, Shu J. Predicting Short-term and Long-term Efficacy of HIFU Treatment for Uterine Fibroids Based on Clinical Information and MRI: A Retrospective Study. Acad Radiol. 2024 Oct 30:S1076-6332(24)00683-4. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.09.040. PMID: 39482211

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Han WY, Kim Y, Kim PH, Kim EK. Abdominal Wall Hernias Following High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy: Three Case Reports. Arch Plast Surg. 2024 Jul 18;51(4):363-366. doi: 10.1055/a-2268-6986. eCollection 2024 Jul. PMID: 39034981

Chen Y, Zhao F, Feng L, Zhou F, Zhou X. Evaluating the Effects of Water Balloons on High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Treating Uterine Fibroids. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2024 Feb 14:S0301-5629(24)00027-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.01.013. PMID: 38360493 

Cheng Y, Yang L, Wang Y, Kuang L, Pan X, Chen L, Cao X, Xu Y. Development and validation of a radiomics model based on T2-weighted imaging for predicting the efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation in uterine fibroids. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024 Feb 1;14(2):1803-1819. doi: 10.21037/qims-23-916. Epub 2024 Jan 22. PMID: 38415139 

Cui Y, Zhang J, Rao J, Feng M, Yao L, Liao W, Liang C, Huang Y. MR Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Evaluating Immediate HIFU Treatment Response of Uterine Fibroids. Curr Med Imaging. 2024 Feb 27. doi: 10.2174/0115734056270504231218072151. PMID: 38415459 

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Li S, Ma WW, Yang MJ, Deng YB, Hu L, Chen JY. Long-term re-intervention after USgHIFU and prediction of NPVR in different ages of patients with uterine fibroids. Int J Hyperthermia. 2024;41(1):2304264. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2304264. Epub 2024 Jan 23. PMID: 38258583 

Yan W, Yuan S, Zhou D, Zhang M, Yang S, Wang W, Wang S. Status and treatment of patients with uterine fibroids in hospitals in central China: a retrospective study from 2018 to 2021. BMJ Open. 2024 Jan 17;14(1):e081736. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081736. PMID: 38233053 

Park SA, Lee J, Kim HY. Virtual reality education program for women with uterine tumors treated by high-intensity focused ultrasound. Heliyon. 2023 Dec 16;10(1):e23759. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23759. eCollection 2024 Jan 15. PMID: 38226233 

Liu Y, Lv F, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Qin Y, Lv F, Xiao Z. Factors influencing magnetic resonance imaging changes associated with pelvic bone injury after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids: a retrospective case-control study. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024 Jan 3;14(1):179-193. doi: 10.21037/qims-23-323. Epub 2024 Jan 2. PMID: 38223045 

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